2.
  -2021
..  
 
(    -l)
:      : 100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1. ()             
 
()           ?
2. "          "  
  
-
3.        
4.            ?
-
5.       '        
 
2.
6.   '   
-
7.     -      
8.   "  "    
    
 -2021
..  
 
(    -l)
:      : 100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1. ()             
 
()           ?
: 
:     
         ,        
  ,       -      
 ,  ,     -        
                 "
 -   "
2.
     ,   
        
                  
, "   ?     
  ?"
  ,         -   
 
     
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦 ()       
 ?
󼨐󼨑󼨒   
       :
  ,   ,        
               ,  
  ,      , -     
  
   

    :
 ,
 ,
,
,
,
 ,
 ,
    
       :
  
 ?
       ?
-,        ?
󹵅󹵆󹵇󹵈   
2.
       19
       (
       ),  ,      
             
    ' , ,        - 
     ,         
    
󷆭󷆬   
  ?
         '   : "  
  ?"
    , "       
   
  '  ,     ' 
 ,  
   "
      
1.󼩎󼩏󼩐󼩑󼩒󼩓󼩔        
  ,            - , , ,
, 
    ,   ,       
     :
        
 ?
     
  ?
         ?
  
, 
   ,     ,    
2.󹂴󺯦󺯞󺯧󹂷󹂸󹂹󺯨󹂻󺯟󺯩󺯪󺯠󺯡󹃀󺯢󺯫󺯣󺯤󺯬󺯭󺯮󺯥󺯯󺯰󺯱󺯶󺯷󺯸󺯹󺯺󺯻󺯼󺯽󺯾󺯿󺰀󺯲󹃌󺯳󺰁󹃏󺯴󺰂󺰃󺰄󺰅󺯵󺰆󺰇     
- ,      ,     
 :


  
2.
  
          ,     
, "    
   "   ,   , " 
          ?"
3.󼿍󼿎󼿑󼿒󼿏󼿓󼿐󼿔      
   :
 ,
 ,
 ,
 
...-         
. ..            -
    
4.󷕘󷕙󷕚   
    
      
 :
  (IAS, IPS)
   -  (NGO)
 
   
    
  
 ,             
         
5.󹻊󹻋󹻌󹻎󹻍      
              
 
   
       :

    
 

      
 
2.

    
 
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹:      
 
   ,             -
               

         -    ,   
  
          ,      
             
         ,     
          -        
    
󷆰 ()            ?
        :
         (   , 
,  )   , 
       ,    
         ' 
󼨻󼨼       
          ,       
 ,     :
             
 :

    
 
        
 
        
 
        

        
2.

         
            ,  
    
 
 -      ,       
         
:
  ,       :
          
          
          
      -   
 ,          
   
    
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂    
   
       :
        
 -        
,    
    
 :
1.      ' 
 (  '  )    (  '  )  , 
         '  
  :
  
 ?
  -     ?
    ?
2.    
      :
2.
   
  
    
         
  
3.  
  , ,  ,  ,   
   
       ,       
    -  
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬:   ?
,         ?
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨:    
  :
        
-   
  ,             
' 
 
      ,           
    
󹸯󹸭󹸮 
  
             :
    
      
     ,        
  
2.
2. "          "  
  
: -:      
           ,       
 - ,   ,  ,      , 
      ;         
   ,   ,         ,  

  , "  , ,      ...   
  "
             
  

   
        ,    '  
󷉃󷉄  : "        
 "
           
    -
   ,       ,    
     
  ,           :
          - , , 
, , ,    
       ,       
-  , , ,   
 ,    :
     :        
             
 ,         ,    
        
    :       
        ,  -, 
         
󹸯󹸭󹸮     
2.
           
1.   
       
       
                 
  , - - 
2.      
             

                 
     ,           
3.     
     ,      

-      , ,  
    
   ,   :        
󼨐󼨑󼨒     
           , 

 1:   -    ,      
  (1789)            
   ,  XVI          
         ,    :
     - , , 
      
     
       
2.
 ,         " 1789    ," 
    "   
?      
 ?"
          -       
    
 2:      -    ,    
              :
             
            
  
  ,  ,       
       
   100    ,   21
    
     :
"2020   ,           "
"#MeToo           "
"  ,       "
 ,     ,    
  
       
🏛   -     
      ,       :


 

  '    
 '    

     
 
,     
  

  
  

   
    
2.
 ,      
          
         
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬  
  
        :
         
       
               
 
 ,       ,  
               
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂       
 ,    ,       
        
    ,        
       ' 
  ,             
    
               
     '  
󼨻󼨼 :     
"          "    
  
                
     - 
  ,   
      - 
   ,     
  ,                ,  
,
 
     
 ,         ,  
    
,  
    
 - 
   
2.
-
3.        
:   :    
   ,   '          ,  
     - ,        ,  300
 ,           '   
                -  
  ?

            ,      
    
   -        -    -   
 
  ,      
,      
 , 
󷉸󷉹󷉺  :    
     ,         ,  ,
,         ,  ,  
     
      :
  : , ,  
 :      '  
 -  :   
 ,  - 
  
-  :,  ,       

  ,   
 -       
󼪈󼪊󼪉 1:   
  ,               

,     ,          
    
,          
   ,        
2.
󷆯󷆮  :   
          ,      
 
         -   ,  

     :
  :, ,     
 : , , , 
:- , , , 
 :     ' 
  
 : ,    
  
 ,    
 ,       
 

󼩎󼩏󼩐󼩑󼩒󼩓󼩔 2:   
   ,        ,  ,   
        -        ' 
,  
    ,      
   
   ,       ,   
  ,
       
󹸯󹸭󹸮     
    
 :



  

  

 ()

- (, )

    

    -
2.

 ,  
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
  
     ,          
   :
        
  ,   
,        
     , ,     
  
     ,          
  ()   '     ,   
    ()   
  ,    ,         
  -  ,    -   
 
󼳇󼳈󼳉:      
           ,   ,
       ?   , ,  
              ,  
            
 -   
   
           : "
   
''  ...   
          
  ,       "
 
                !
4.            ?
:󷉃󷉄   :     
  ,          ,   
             
,     
2.
          
 ,     
 
,   
 ,           ,
" ,             
   
               

?"
 ,    ,  ,
"           "
     ,      ,     
         ,      
   ,   :
"      -   ,     ,   
      - ,    ,    
            "
     '             

󼩎󼩏󼩐󼩑󼩒󼩓󼩔   ?
       ,        
        ,    -   
 
󹸯󹸭󹸮 :
"             , , ,
,              
  "
             
    
󷨕󷨓󷨔   :
: ,    
 
:      
2.
: -      
/:      
:,        
       ,       
    ,               

󼩉󼩊󼩋󼩌󼩍   :
1.           ( ,
          )
2.   -     
3.  -      - 


4.  -      ,  -  
5.  -     (  , ,  )
  
6.  -     (    ,  
)
7.   -          (
,     ;   
 )
󼴜󼴗󼴘󼴙󼴚󼴛  ?
                 
             
    
  
󹸯󹸭󹸮 :
"                 
      -    "
  ,   , ,           

2.
󼪺󼪻  :
   -  ,       

  -  ,     
  -        
-  -        
    ,   ,       
           
󷉸󷉹󷉺  :
1. -  -    
2.   -       (  , , )
3.   -   ,    
4.    -       '   
5.        -      
6.   -        
󹸯󹸭󹸮      :

 


,  
  , 


    ( 
,  )
  (  , )

    ,  
 
     

    (
 , )


    ,  
-
      
2.

 , -  

   

 
     
       

  

, , , 
 ,  , ,
 
󷊀󷊁󷊂󷊃  :   
    ,     -          
 ,  ,   - 
 
 ,             "  "
     ,   ,     
   ,          
     -            
          ,       
  
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
  
      :
        '    
        
        
      ( 
)    ( 
)
 
 
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬:      
 :
            ,    
 
   
       , ,  ,    - 
   '   
2.
  :     ,        ,
   ,                 -  
      
-
5.       '        
 
:󷊄󷊅󷊆󷊇󷊈󷊉   :    
             ,     
 ,                '  , 
  ,            ,    ,  ,
               
  ,    '  ,      
  -    
      :     
                
      ,      
 
󷉃󷉄    ?
    
  ,           
                  ,   
 ,        
    

     ,  ,     ,  , 
  
   :
  -  ,  
  - -, ,  - 
󷺚󻮬󸞚󻮭󷺞󷺟󷺠󷺡󷺢󷺣󸞝󸞞󸞟󸞠󸞡󸞢󸞣󸞤󸞥󸞦󸞧󸞨󸞩󷹔󷹕󷹖󷹗󷸢󷸣󷸤󷸥󷸦󷸧󷸨 󷸞󷸟󷸠󷸡󷸢󷸣󷸤󷸥󷸦󷸧󷸨 1.   
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹 
2.
    ,       , -,   
             '  
, 
  ,      
: ,  ,      
 ,        
     
    
 -   ,      
  ,    ,         
"    "  
󷿋󼌐󷿍󸖈󷿏󷿐󷿑󹌖󼌑󼌒󹌘󼌓󼌔󼌕󼌖󼌗󼌘󸆇󸆈󼌙󸀁󹌙󹌚 
   ,  ,          
 '   ,    ,   ,  , 
  ,             
      
,          :  
   
󹱑󹱒2.   
 :, ,    
o       ,        
 
o   ;     -   "-"

  
 : , ,  
o        
o                   
          ,       
       
󼼧󼼨󼼫󼼬󼼩󼼪3.   
 :        
o       
o            
2.
 :    
o        ',     
o            
󷨲󷨳󷨸󷨴󷨵󷨶󷨷4.   
 :  ,  3-10   
o     
 
o       
 :   ,          
o         
o       '   
󹰝5.    
            

󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹   
 :      ,    
  
 
:      , -  
   
  : 
   -    
  
,     ,    
  -     ,  
  ,          
󺫦󺫤󺫥󺫧   
 :            
 
    , ,   
 :      ,   ,
           
  :
-      ,  
 
 
2.
     '  
 ,         
      
󼩎󼩏󼩐󼩑󼩒󼩓󼩔  :    
                
 
                  
   -      , -   ,  
     ,       ,    

 
        -         
  '         
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫:      
  
 
 
  
  
  -




    
  -

    
     

,  
 ,   

   
-   
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬:     
   , 
     '     ,   
 '           ,     
         
         -       
  
     
     ,      -  
          ?  ... ?
6.   '   
2.
:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹 :    
     
       ,        -
      ,    ,        
      
  -         
 
       : "      ?"
   ,          '  
       
 ,          
 ,       -          
 
        ' 
,   
  
             -     
,        ,    -
            
  
󹸯󹸭󹸮    ?
  ,           , -,
,         -      
   
   :

    
    
   
         
    
     (    
)    ' (   )
          ,       
    , ,  
 
󷉃󷉄    
1.                 

              
 
2.            
   -      
  
 
3.       :
o


(
         )
2.
o

 
(
      )
4.       ,   ,   , 
 ,        -      
 
'       
  
󷸌󷸍   
    '         :
1.   
   -     
: ,  ,  
  
   ""  ""    
2.   
 -      
:             

  -      
3.   
              
:              
    
     
4.   
      
 
:             
      
         
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤:   
       ,   ,     
           
 ,    
        ,     -   , 
2.
,           
,   
  
  :        
 -      
  ,         -   
  ,           
   
       -      
   
  
󼨐󼨑󼨒     
󷃆󼽢  
           
         
󷃆󼽢 
   ' - 
          

 
󷃆󼽢   
 -              
  
  ,   ,     
󷃆󼽢  
  -   -       
   
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫  


 
  
  
  
 
 

 
  
  
/ 
  '

, 
, , 
2.

- ,   
 ,  
󽄻󽄼󽄽:      
          ,   
 ,                 
 , 
   ,  
     
                

       ,         
-        ,       
  -    ,     -     
-
7.     -      
:󷅶󷅱󷅺󷅷󷅸󷅹  :   
    
           
  
 ,
  ,   ,  ,       
   -   
  '       
      -  -   ,  , ,    
 -        - 
  ,    '  
     ,      , 
      

  ,   ,       ,    ,    ,
       ,  
      ,        
         ,     
   
           -    
  -           
󷉃󷉄  ?
   ,    
     
      , -,
, , -         
    
2.
    ,        ,     
     
            -    ""     
         
󷸌󷸍   
    
 -            
   :
1.  -  
:     
                   
  '   
    '         
         ,      
   
       
󷃆󼽢  :
,    
 
,          
     (         
 )
  -   
   
                
     
2.  -     
       ,            
    ,       
󷃆󼽢  :
     
 
2.
,      
,    -   
, ,        
      , ,      
  
       ( )   ()    
3.   -   
-    ,              
  -     -        
 
󷃆󼽢   :
           
           
 ,       
  ,    
          ,    , 
  ,               
            
4.   -  
:    
           ,    
       ,         -  
 ,   ,          
           
󷃆󼽢   :
 -, ,    
 
, ,         
    , , , 
,         
2.
      ,      ,   , 
         -      ' 
5.  -  
        -   
  ,
   
,         
󷃆󼽢  :
  ,      
 
, ,     -   
          
, -    
   
     ,      
 ,   
  - 
,       
6.    -  
-    ,            
    -  ,    
-     
 
 
󷃆󼽢  :
,        
, ,      
  
 ,            
       - ,    
     
7.    -    
        ,         

󷃆󼽢   :
 ,    
 
2.
 ,  ,     
, ,       
  ,      -     
 
󼨐󼨑󼨒: 
     
   ,          ,    
  -            
          ,      
 
     (  ),    ( ),    (  
 ),        
 
  ,   
        '    
,      '   ,      -
      
8.   "  "    
    
: 󼯀󼯁󼯂    :       
   

    ,           
 
          ,         
           '      
     , "          
"
 ,   ,   
 -     
                  
"  "           ,   ,
  ,               
      
󼨐󼨑󼨒 "  "  ?
               -   
   
             

,          
 

      
  
  
  -   
 
              
2.
󷃆󹸊󹸋 - 
  ,   
-      :
1. 
    
    

  '      
       , 
  ,       ,    ,     
       
2. 
        

 
 :      ?  '  ?     
?              
  
3. 
      '       

, , ,  -      -    , 
    
     ,    
 -        
 
 ,  -  
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂      

  
  
 
     
     

    
 -            , 
 
  ,      
 
       
 -      
󺂟󺂠󺂧󺂡󺂢󺂣󺂤󺂥󺂦󺂨  2:   
            '  
    
  ',             
,     '      , "      

"
 ,           -   
         -        
    
         
 ,   -   
󹸯󹸭󹸮 - 
2.
󷪛󷪜󷪝󷪞󷪟󷪠󷪢󷪡  :
        ,      
'       
󹶯󹶲󹶳󹶰󹶱󹶴   ':
,              
 -    
󷺚󷺛󷺜󷺝󷺞󷺟󷺠󷺡󷺢󷺣󷺤󸞞󸞟󸞠󸞡󸞢󸞣󸞤󸞥󸞦󸞧󸞨󸞩󷹔󷹕󷹖󷹗󷸢󷸣󷸤󷸥󷸦󷸧󷸨  :
                
  ,  '     
󷩃󷩄󷩅󷩆󷩇󷩈    ':
    -   ,      

 
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬   
  
             :
  :    
      
 ,  

      
  :          
  
    :         
  
󼩎󼩏󼩐󼩑󼩒󼩓󼩔   
        '    ,   
:
   '    ,   '    -
   
           - 


       , -     '   
 ,      
         
   
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨 :    
2.
 , 
     - , ,  -     
       
               
  
  , 
     ,        
       
        ' 
 ,     ,
    -  , 
    ,        
      
"               

       ,         "